Anyone bilingual can interpret – right?

Migrants form a large proportion of New Zealand’s population, and many are competent bilingual speakers. So when you need an interpreter, why not just grab anyone you can find with the language you need? Just what is the fuss about using people who are trained?

We always advise against using family members or friends, and some of those reasons also apply to using any other untrained person. But we’re not just talking about remaining impartial or keeping things confidential (although they are still vital): there are other skills that trained interpreters need and which aren’t usually found in the general population.

Let’s assume for a moment that a bilingual speaker is fully proficient in both their own language and English, and that they have a broad general knowledge. Exactly what other skills are needed? Remember: the task of the interpreter is to find an equivalent in the target language that matches the original message both in content and intention. So, for every utterance, the interpreter needs to:

1. Have a precise understanding of the message. This includes understanding the context in which the message is given, the linguistic structure, and any cultural aspects behind it. Then there are paralinguistic signals such as tone, inflection and emphasis, all of which can alter the intent of the message.

2. Retain every detail of that message, including the way it was delivered (e.g. hesitantly, angrily). This requires great sensitivity, as well as an excellent memory and effective note-taking skills.

3. Find exact equivalents in the other language. To do this well, the interpreter needs to have an excellent general vocabulary and good research skills – preparation for any job is an important part of it. The ability to paraphrase is also essential since at times it may not be possible to find an equivalent word or a ready-made phrase to convey the message exactly.

4. Structure the message in an idiomatic way so that when his/her reformulation of the message in the target language is delivered, it is done in a smooth, natural flow.

All of the above has to be done in a matter of seconds, so that neither of the other parties feels that their conversation is being hindered by the interpreter’s intervention.

Testing of candidates who have completed a full introductory interpreter training course tells us that even with good training, some people are not able to put into practice the skills that are needed to do the job well. It is very clear to Quality Interpreting providers that not every bilingual speaker can interpret. So make sure you use people who have been both trained and assessed as fully competent. If you’re not sure, ask for evidence.